Biography
Samuel Butler (4 December 1612 ? 18 June 1680) was born in Strensham, Worcestershire and baptised 14 February 1613. He is remembered now chiefly for a long satirical burlesque poem on Puritanism entitled Hudibras.
He was the son of a farmer and was educated at the King's School, Worcester, under Henry Bright whose teaching is recorded favourably by Thomas Fuller a contemporary writer in his Worthies of England. In early youth he was page to the Countess of Kent, and thereafter clerk to various Puritan justices, some of whom are believed to have suggested characters in Hudibras. Through Lady Kent he met John Selden who influenced his later writings. He also tried his hand at painting but was reportedly not very good at it; one of his editors reporting that "his pictures served to stop windows and save the tax" (on window glass).
After the Restoration he became Secretary to the Lord President of Wales, and about the same time married a Mrs. Herbert, a widow with a jointure, which, however, was lost. In 1663 the first part of Hudibras was published, and the other two in 1664 and 1678 respectively. One fan was Charles II, who granted him a pension.
Notwithstanding the popularity of Hudibras, Butler was neglected by the Court and died in 1680, although whether in a state of poverty as often claimed and how much this may have been a self imposed exile either by choice or because of his sharp satirical wit is uncertain. John Aubrey in his notebook jottings called Brief Lives records that Charles II gave him a gift of £300 and that he had been secretary to George Villiers, 2nd Duke of Buckingham, when the latter was chancellor of the University of Cambridge; Butler was close enough to Buckingham to collaborate with him in The Rehearsal, a satirical play mocking the heroic drama of the time.
Butler is buried in Westminster Abbey. There is a memorial plaque to him in the small village church of Strensham, Worcestershire, near the town of Upton upon Severn, his birthplace.
Hudibras
His most significant work, Hudibras, stands at the head of the satirical literature of England, and for wit and compressed thought has few rivals in any language. It is directed against the Puritans, and while it holds up to ridicule the extravagancies into which many of the party ran, it entirely fails to do justice to their virtues and their services to liberty, civil and religious. Many of its brilliant couplets have passed into the proverbial commonplaces of the language, and few who use them have any idea of their source. The work was widely popular and spawned many imitators.
Hudibras is to a certain extent modelled on Don Quixote but unlike that work, Hudibras has many more references to personalities and events of the day. Butler was also influenced by satirists such as John Skelton and Paul Scarron's Virgile travesti; a satire on classical literature particularly Virgil.
[edit] Other writings
Most of his other writings never saw print until they were collected and published, in 1759. Butler wrote many short biographies, epigrams and verses the earliest surviving from 1644. Of his verses, the best known is "The Elephant on the Moon", about a mouse in a telescope, a satire on Sir Paul Neale of the Royal Society. Butler's taste for the mock heroic is shown by another early poem Cynarctomachy, or Battle between Bear and Dogs, which is both a homage to and a parody of a Greek poem ascribed to Homer, Batrachomyomachia. His supposed lack of money later in life is strange as he had numerous unpublished works which could have offered him income including a set of Theophrastan character sketches which were not printed until 1759. Many other works are dubiously attributed to him.
[edit] Quotation
Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to:
Samuel Butler (1612-1680)Wikisource has an original article from the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica about:
Butler, Samuel (poet)A News-monger is a Retailer of Rumour, that takes up upon Trust, and sells as cheap as he buys. He deals in a perishable Commodity, that will not keep: for if it be not fresh it lies upon his Hands, and will yield nothing. True or false is all one to him; for Novelty being the Grace of bothe, a Truth grows stale as soon as a Lye. ? Samuel Butler (17th c.), Characters
- John Wilmot, 2nd Earl Of Rochester
John Wilmot, 2nd Earl of Rochester (April 1, 1647?July 26, 1680) was an English libertine, a friend of King Charles II, and the writer of much satirical and bawdy poetry. He was the toast of the Restoration court and a patron of the arts. He married...
- George Etherege
Early life George Etherege was born in Maidenhead, Berkshire, around 1635, to George Etherege and Mary Powney, being the eldest of six children.[1] Rumor has it that he was educated at Cambridge; [2] however, John Dennis assures that to his certain knowledge...
- John Dryden
John Dryden (August 19 [O.S. August 9] 1631 ? May 12 [O.S. May 1] 1700) was an influential English poet, literary critic, translator and playwright, who dominated the literary life of Restoration England to such a point that the period came to be known...
- Beachfront Home On Martha's Vineyard ? Nicholas Butler
B.about 1595 in (probably) Eastwell, England M. (1) 18 Jul 1613 in Canterbury, England Wife: Mary Cotterell M. (2) 22 Jan 1624 in Ashford, England Wife: Joyce Baker D. 13 Aug 1671 Edgartown, Massachusetts Emigrated: June 1637 on the ship Hercules Nothing...
- Planning For His Sons' Futures ? John Minot
B. about 1626 in Saffron Walden, England M. (1) 19 May 1647 in Dorchester, Massachusetts Wife: Lydia Butler M. (2) about 1667 in Massachusetts Wife: Mrs. Briggs (first name unknown) D. 12 Aug 1669 in Dorchester, Massachusetts Emigrated: before 1 Apr 1634...
Biography
Samuel Butler (poet)
Samuel Butler (4 December 1612 ? 18 June 1680) was born in Strensham, Worcestershire and baptised 14 February 1613. He is remembered now chiefly for a long satirical burlesque poem on Puritanism entitled Hudibras.
He was the son of a farmer and was educated at the King's School, Worcester, under Henry Bright whose teaching is recorded favourably by Thomas Fuller a contemporary writer in his Worthies of England. In early youth he was page to the Countess of Kent, and thereafter clerk to various Puritan justices, some of whom are believed to have suggested characters in Hudibras. Through Lady Kent he met John Selden who influenced his later writings. He also tried his hand at painting but was reportedly not very good at it; one of his editors reporting that "his pictures served to stop windows and save the tax" (on window glass).
After the Restoration he became Secretary to the Lord President of Wales, and about the same time married a Mrs. Herbert, a widow with a jointure, which, however, was lost. In 1663 the first part of Hudibras was published, and the other two in 1664 and 1678 respectively. One fan was Charles II, who granted him a pension.
Notwithstanding the popularity of Hudibras, Butler was neglected by the Court and died in 1680, although whether in a state of poverty as often claimed and how much this may have been a self imposed exile either by choice or because of his sharp satirical wit is uncertain. John Aubrey in his notebook jottings called Brief Lives records that Charles II gave him a gift of £300 and that he had been secretary to George Villiers, 2nd Duke of Buckingham, when the latter was chancellor of the University of Cambridge; Butler was close enough to Buckingham to collaborate with him in The Rehearsal, a satirical play mocking the heroic drama of the time.
Butler is buried in Westminster Abbey. There is a memorial plaque to him in the small village church of Strensham, Worcestershire, near the town of Upton upon Severn, his birthplace.
Hudibras
His most significant work, Hudibras, stands at the head of the satirical literature of England, and for wit and compressed thought has few rivals in any language. It is directed against the Puritans, and while it holds up to ridicule the extravagancies into which many of the party ran, it entirely fails to do justice to their virtues and their services to liberty, civil and religious. Many of its brilliant couplets have passed into the proverbial commonplaces of the language, and few who use them have any idea of their source. The work was widely popular and spawned many imitators.
Hudibras is to a certain extent modelled on Don Quixote but unlike that work, Hudibras has many more references to personalities and events of the day. Butler was also influenced by satirists such as John Skelton and Paul Scarron's Virgile travesti; a satire on classical literature particularly Virgil.
[edit] Other writings
Most of his other writings never saw print until they were collected and published, in 1759. Butler wrote many short biographies, epigrams and verses the earliest surviving from 1644. Of his verses, the best known is "The Elephant on the Moon", about a mouse in a telescope, a satire on Sir Paul Neale of the Royal Society. Butler's taste for the mock heroic is shown by another early poem Cynarctomachy, or Battle between Bear and Dogs, which is both a homage to and a parody of a Greek poem ascribed to Homer, Batrachomyomachia. His supposed lack of money later in life is strange as he had numerous unpublished works which could have offered him income including a set of Theophrastan character sketches which were not printed until 1759. Many other works are dubiously attributed to him.
[edit] Quotation
Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to:
Samuel Butler (1612-1680)Wikisource has an original article from the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica about:
Butler, Samuel (poet)A News-monger is a Retailer of Rumour, that takes up upon Trust, and sells as cheap as he buys. He deals in a perishable Commodity, that will not keep: for if it be not fresh it lies upon his Hands, and will yield nothing. True or false is all one to him; for Novelty being the Grace of bothe, a Truth grows stale as soon as a Lye. ? Samuel Butler (17th c.), Characters
- John Wilmot, 2nd Earl Of Rochester
John Wilmot, 2nd Earl of Rochester (April 1, 1647?July 26, 1680) was an English libertine, a friend of King Charles II, and the writer of much satirical and bawdy poetry. He was the toast of the Restoration court and a patron of the arts. He married...
- George Etherege
Early life George Etherege was born in Maidenhead, Berkshire, around 1635, to George Etherege and Mary Powney, being the eldest of six children.[1] Rumor has it that he was educated at Cambridge; [2] however, John Dennis assures that to his certain knowledge...
- John Dryden
John Dryden (August 19 [O.S. August 9] 1631 ? May 12 [O.S. May 1] 1700) was an influential English poet, literary critic, translator and playwright, who dominated the literary life of Restoration England to such a point that the period came to be known...
- Beachfront Home On Martha's Vineyard ? Nicholas Butler
B.about 1595 in (probably) Eastwell, England M. (1) 18 Jul 1613 in Canterbury, England Wife: Mary Cotterell M. (2) 22 Jan 1624 in Ashford, England Wife: Joyce Baker D. 13 Aug 1671 Edgartown, Massachusetts Emigrated: June 1637 on the ship Hercules Nothing...
- Planning For His Sons' Futures ? John Minot
B. about 1626 in Saffron Walden, England M. (1) 19 May 1647 in Dorchester, Massachusetts Wife: Lydia Butler M. (2) about 1667 in Massachusetts Wife: Mrs. Briggs (first name unknown) D. 12 Aug 1669 in Dorchester, Massachusetts Emigrated: before 1 Apr 1634...